Abstracts
Abstract
Many countries have reported supply shortages of antibiotics in recent years. The COVID-19 pandemic has sparked interesting discussions among government officials, public health practitioners, and scholars on how to maintain the security of the global pharmaceutical supply chain and how to decrease dependency on countries such as China. This article discusses the experiences and initial findings of tracing global pharmaceutical supply chains through pharmaceutical trade fairs and events at multiple locations. I argue that the reasons behind antibiotic supply shortages are multifold. Although the geographical concentration of the production of key raw materials and Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) in China is considered the main reason for the unstable and disrupted supply chain, it is also important to recognize that the same forces that have driven Western pharmaceutical companies to shift some of their less profitable manufacturing lines to China are also challenging Chinese pharmaceutical companies to adjust and reorient their strategies. As such, antibiotics are facing a conundrum in which the governance of excessive use is complicated by a shortage problem that hampers access to essential drugs.
Keywords:
- antibiotics,
- global supply chain,
- Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients,
- antimicrobial resistance,
- pharmaceutical trade fair,
- China
Résumé
Ces dernières années, de nombreux pays ont signalé des pénuries d’antibiotiques. La pandémie de COVID-19 a généré d’intéressantes discussions entre les responsables gouvernementaux, les praticiens de la santé publique et les universitaires sur la manière de maintenir la sécurité de la chaîne d’approvisionnement pharmaceutique mondiale et de réduire la dépendance à l’égard de pays tels que la Chine. Cet article présente les expériences et les conclusions initiales de la traçabilité des chaînes d’approvisionnement pharmaceutiques mondiales par le biais de foires et d’évènements pharmaceutiques organisés dans divers endroits. Je soutiens que les raisons des pénuries d’antibiotiques sont multiples. Bien que la concentration géographique de la production de matières premières clés et d’ingrédients pharmaceutiques actifs (IPA) en Chine soit considérée comme la principale raison de l’instabilité et de la perturbation de la chaîne d’approvisionnement, il est également important de reconnaître que les mêmes forces qui ont poussé les sociétés pharmaceutiques occidentales à déplacer certaines de leurs lignes de fabrication moins rentables vers la Chine poussent également les sociétés pharmaceutiques chinoises à ajuster et à réorienter leurs stratégies. Les antibiotiques sont ainsi confrontés à une énigme dans laquelle la gouvernance de l’utilisation excessive est compliquée par un problème de pénurie qui entrave l’accès aux médicaments essentiels.
Mots-clés :
- antibiotiques,
- chaîne d’approvisionnement mondiale,
- ingrédients pharmaceutiques actifs,
- résistance aux antimicrobiens,
- salon pharmaceutique,
- Chine
Appendices
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