Abstracts
Abstract
Scientists working for oil companies in the Athabasca region are developing methods by which to reclaim muskeg (boreal peatlands) on land disturbed by oil sands extraction. The Alberta government requires companies to reclaim disturbed land by achieving equivalent capability of the landscape to support an end land use. Indigenous community members instead define reclamation as establishing not only quantifiable ecological functions, but also relationships to their traditional territories. Tensions emerge as Indigenous concerns are often subsumed within bureaucratic discourses that favour scientific classification and quantification of land uses in reclaimed areas. Divergent responses to muskeg in reclamation activities are informed in part by these competing emphases on quantifiable landscapes as opposed to those that are relational and growing. This article traces this multiplicity through the examination of government and scientific literature and ethnographic fieldwork with Indigenous communities in northern Alberta. Muskeg is used as an analytical tool to explore competing conceptions of land reclamation. Mistranslation of polysemantic terms like muskeg occur on an ontological level, and settler colonial relations and power imbalances between competing languages and knowledge systems proliferate in reclamation activities.
Keywords:
- Athabasca oil sands,
- reclamation,
- wetlands,
- Indigenous Peoples,
- settler colonialism,
- ways of knowing
Résumé
Les scientifiques travaillant pour les compagnies pétrolières dans la région de l’Athabasca mettent au point des méthodes pour la remise en état du muskeg (tourbière boréale) sur les terres perturbées par l’extraction des sables bitumineux. Le gouvernement de l’Alberta exige des entreprises qu’elles remettent en état les terres perturbées pour obtenir une capacité du paysage permettant de soutenir une utilisation finale des terres. Or, les membres des communautés autochtones définissent la remise en état non seulement comme la mise en oeuvre de fonctions écologiques mesurables, mais aussi comme la restauration des relations avec les territoires traditionnels. Des tensions surgissent car les préoccupations des autochtones sont souvent noyées dans des discours bureaucratiques qui privilégient la classification scientifique et la quantification de l’utilisation des terres dans les zones remises en état. Les différents rapports au muskeg dans les activités de remise en état sont en partie fonction de cette divergence de priorités entre, d’une part, des paysages mesurables et, d’autre part, des paysages relationnels et cultivables. Cet article retrace cette multiplicité, à partir de l’examen de la littérature gouvernementale et scientifique et d’un travail de terrain ethnographique mené auprès des communautés autochtones du nord de l’Alberta. Le muskeg est mobilisé comme outil analytique pour explorer les conceptions concurrentes de la remise en état des terres. La mauvaise traduction de termes polysémiques tels que muskeg opère à un niveau ontologique, tandis que les rapports coloniaux et les déséquilibres de pouvoir entre langues et systèmes de savoirs concurrents imprègnent les activités de remise en état.
Mots-clés :
- sables bitumineux de l’Athabasca,
- remise en état,
- tourbières,
- peuples autochtones,
- colonialisme de peuplement,
- modes de savoir
Appendices
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