Abstracts
Abstract
Encounters between street-level bureaucrats and the so-called “client of the state” – here the migrant individual with precarious legal status – are characterized by great power imbalances. The dependency relationships that emerge out of public administrative encounters need to be understood as spaces of continuous asymmetrical negotiations. Emotions play a crucial role, not only as a translation of how migrants and bureaucrats mutually shape, contest, and reproduce migration control, but also as a strategic component and a tool for negotiation. Supported by ethnographic data from a Swiss Cantonal Migration Office and a Swedish Border Police Unit, collected between 2016 and 2017, I argue that emotions interweave all migrant-bureaucrat interactions. Their analysis discloses not only the emotional labour of migration enforcement, but also how it is translated into bureaucratically enacted practices, which include physical force, vocal exchanges, documents and spatial means, leading to what Walters (2006) coined “political economies of violence” (438).
Keywords:
- migration,
- ethnography,
- emotions,
- street-level theory,
- violence,
- bureaucracy
Résumé
Les interactions entre les bureaucrates de la rue et les soi-disant « clients de l’État » – en l’occurrence des individus migrants au statut juridique précaire - sont marquées par de grandes inégalités de pouvoir. Les relations de dépendance engendrées dans les rencontres avec les administrations publiques doivent être comprises comme des espaces de négociations asymétriques et continues. Les émotions y jouent un rôle central, non seulement comme reflet de la manière dont les migrants et les bureaucrates façonnent, contestent et reproduisent le contrôle migratoire, mais aussi en tant que composante stratégique et outil de négociation. Sur la base de données ethnographiques recueillies entre 2016 et 2017 dans un office cantonal de la migration en Suisse et une unité de police des frontières en Suède, je soutiens que les émotions imprègnent toutes les interactions entre les migrants et les bureaucrates. L’analyse de ces dernières donne à voir non seulement le travail émotionnel du contrôle migratoire, mais aussi comment celui-ci se traduit en pratiques bureaucratiques, lesquelles comprennent la force physique, les échanges verbaux, les documents et les moyens spatiaux, conduisant à ce que Walters (2006) a appelé une « économie politique de la violence » (438).
Mots-clés :
- migration,
- ethnographie,
- émotions,
- bureaucratie de la rue,
- violence
Appendices
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