Abstracts
Abstract
Exploring the perceptions and challenges faced by beginning teachers and kindergarten teachers in the realm of distance learning reveals critical insights into the evolving landscape of early education in a digital age. The present study explored the challenges and difficulties experienced by beginning teachers and kindergarteners in the context of distance learning. Qualitative research was conducted through semi-structured interviews involving 254 novice teachers and kindergarten educators. The findings revealed a range of difficulties new teachers face in the distance learning environment. These included challenges in conveying educational content, issues with Wi-Fi and internet connectivity, a lack of resources and technological tools, difficulties in engaging students in Zoom meetings, poor communication between teachers and students, insufficient preparation and training for distance teaching, inadequate digital skills, and a lack of experience among parents with the new method of learning. Understanding the challenges and difficulties that novice teachers encounter, particularly during their initial professional years and in exceptional circumstances like the COVID-19 pandemic, is crucial. This understanding not only aids in addressing and surmounting these challenges but also contributes to the enhancement and development of current distance teaching models. Such improvements should consider the specific needs and challenges of new teachers.
Keywords:
- Distance learning,
- Teachers' perceptions and difficulties,
- Beginning teacher,
- Kindergarteners,
- Coping strategies
Résumé
L'étude des perceptions et des difficultés rencontrées par les enseignants débutants et les enseignants de maternelle dans le domaine de l'enseignement à distance révèle des informations essentielles sur l'évolution du paysage de l'éducation préscolaire à l'ère numérique. La présente étude a exploré les défis et les difficultés rencontrés par les enseignants débutants et les enseignants de maternelle dans le contexte de l'enseignement à distance. La recherche qualitative a été menée par le biais d'entrevues semi-structurées auxquelles ont participé 254 enseignants débutants et éducateurs de maternelle. Les résultats ont révélé une série de difficultés auxquelles les nouveaux enseignants sont confrontés dans le milieu de l'enseignement à distance. Il s'agit notamment des difficultés à transmettre le contenu éducatif, des problèmes de connexion Wi-Fi et Internet, du manque de ressources et d'outils technologiques, des difficultés à faire participer les élèves aux réunions Zoom, de la mauvaise communication entre les enseignants et les élèves, du manque de préparation et de formation à l'enseignement à distance, des compétences numériques inadéquates et du manque d'expérience des parents en ce qui concerne cette nouvelle méthode d'apprentissage. Il est essentiel de comprendre les défis et les difficultés que rencontrent les enseignants débutants, en particulier au cours de leurs premières années professionnelles et dans des circonstances exceptionnelles telles que la pandémie de COVID-19. Cette compréhension permet non seulement d'aborder et de surmonter ces défis, mais aussi de contribuer à l'amélioration et au développement des modèles actuels d'enseignement à distance. Ces améliorations devraient prendre en compte les besoins et les défis spécifiques des nouveaux enseignants.
Mots-clés :
- Enseignement à distance,
- Perceptions et difficultés des enseignants,
- Enseignant débutant,
- Enfants de maternelle,
- Stratégies d'adaptation
Appendices
Bibliography
- Abbott, S., Guisbond, L., Levy, J., & Sommerfeld, M. (2014). High stakes test: The glossary of education reform. Available on https://www.edglossary.org/high-stakes-testing/
- Adedoyin, O. B., & Soykan, E. (2020). Covid-19 pandemic and online learning: The challenges and opportunities. Interactive Learning Environments, 31(2), 863–875. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2020.1813180
- Amrane-Cooper, L., Baume, D., Brown, S., Hatzipanagos, S., Powell, P., Sherman, S. & Tait, A. (Eds.). (2023). Online and distance education for a connected world. UCL Press. https://doi.org/10.14324/111.9781800084797
- Baral, R. K. (2023). Learning accessibility during the COVID-19 era: An overview. The Spectrum, 1(1), 34–52. https://doi.org/10.3126/spectrum.v1i1.54929
- Baral, R. K., Bhatta, L., & Ghimire, S. N. (2024). Emergency remote teaching in Nepali higher education institutions during COVID-19. Distance Education, 45(1), 6–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/01587919.2024.2303490
- Barari, N., RezaeiZadeh, M., Khorasani, A., & Alami, F. (2020). Designing and validating educational standards for E-teaching in virtual learning environments (VLEs), based on revised Bloom’s taxonomy. Interactive Learning Environments, 30(9), 1640–1652. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2020.1739078
- Belamghari, M. (2023). Emergency remote learning in Morocco as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic: Students’ perspectives. Learning: Research and Practice, 9(1), 39–56. https://doi.org/10.1080/23735082.2022.2115107
- Bouchrika, I. (2024). Distance learning: The ultimate guide to online learning in 2024. Research.com. https://research.com/education/distance-learning-the-ultimate-guide-to-online-learning
- Burns, M. (2023). Distance education for teacher training: Modes, models, and methods. Education Development Centre. https://edc.org/distance-education-teacher-training-modes-models-and-methods
- Cao, Y. (2023). Understanding Chinese students’ online learning experiences with emergency remote teaching: A case study. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/02188791.2023.2206548
- Chan, E., Khong, M. L., Torda, A., Tanner, J. A., Velan, G. M., & Wong, G. T. C. (2022). Medical teachers’ experience of emergency remote teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross- institutional study. BMC Medical Education, 22(1), Article 303. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-022-03367-x
- Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2017). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage.
- Demeshkant, N., Trusz, S., & Potyrała, K. (2022). Interrelationship between levels of digital competences and technological, pedagogical and content knowledge (TPACK): A preliminary study with Polish academic teachers. Technology, Pedagogy and Education, 31(5), 579–595. https://doi.org/10.1080/1475939X.2022.2092547
- Estrera R. (2019). The challenges encountered by the newly-hired teachers in the public secondary schools: Basis for coaching. Academia.edu
- Faisal, H. U., & Hussien, O. Q. (2023). Challenges encountered by the newly hired teachers in the new normal: Tagoloan district experience. Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 13(4): 357–369. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8332529
- Gaikhorst, L., Beishuizen, J., Roosenboom, B., & Volman, M. (2017). The challenges of beginning teachers in urban primary schools. European Journal of Teacher Education, 40(1), 46–61. https://doi.org/10.1080/02619768.2016.1251900
- Ghimire, S. N., Bhattarai, U., & Rajbhandari, J. (2022). Digital disconnect: An analysis of equity and social justice in Nepal’s higher education. In E. J. Valeau, R. L. Raby, & U. Gaulee (Eds.), Shaping a humane world through global higher education: Pre-challenges and post-opportunities during a pandemic (pp. 69–84). STARS Scholars Network. https://www.ojed.org/index.php/gsm/article/view/5038/2082
- Harrison, K. L. (2021). A call to action: Online learning and distance education in the training of couple and family therapists. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 47(2), 408–423. https://doi.org/10.1111/jmft.12512
- Heeks, R. (2020). ICT4D 3.0? Part 1—The components of an emerging “digital‐for‐development” paradigm. The Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries, 86(3), e12124. https://doi.org/10.1002/isd2.12124
- Hilli, C. (2020). Distance teaching in small rural primary schools: a participatory action research project. Educational Action Research, 28(1), 38–52. https://doi.org/10.1080/09650792.2018.1526695
- Ilaiyan, S. (2013). Difficulties experienced by the Arab teacher during his first year of teaching as a result of personal and organizational variables. Creative Education, 4(6), 363–375. https://doi.org/10.4236/ce.2013.46053
- Iqbal, S. A., Ashiq, M., Rehman, S. U., Rashid, S., & Tayyab, N. (2022). Students’ perceptions and experiences of online education in Pakistani universities and higher education institutes during COVID-19. Education Sciences, 12(3), Article 166. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci12030166
- Jomuad, P. D., Anore, J. L., Baluyos, G. R., & Yabo, J. S. (2017). Challenges encountered by newly hired teachers during first year of service. Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 6(1), 93–103. https://doi.org/10.7828/jmds.v6i1.1037
- Kearney, M., Schuck, S., Burden, K., & Aubusson, P. (2012). Viewing mobile learning from a pedagogical perspective. Research in Learning Technology, 20, 14406. https://doi.org/10.3402/rlt.v20i0.14406
- Kim, S.-H., & Park, S. (2023). What contributed to students’ online learning satisfaction during the pandemic? Distance Education, 44(1), 6–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/01587919.2022.2150147
- Littlefield, M. B., Rubinstein, K., & Laveist, C. B. (2019). Designing for quality: Distance education rubrics for online MSW programs. Journal of Teaching in Social Work, 39(4–5), 489–504. https://doi.org/10.1080/08841233.2019.1658691
- Luft, J. (2014). Newly hired teachers: A five-year study. Paper presented at the Australasian Science Education Research Association meeting, Melbourne, Australia, July 2–6, 2014.
- Magnusson, E. & Marecek, J. (2015). Doing interview-based qualitative research: A learner’s guide. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107449893
- Mayring, P. (2014). Qualitative content analysis. Theoretical foundation, basic procedures and software solution. Sage. https://www.ssoar.info/ssoar/handle/document/39517
- Mlinar, K., & Peček M. (2023). Teachers’ views on the moral, social, and emotional dimensions of distance learning. Journal of Elementary Education, 16(2), 127–145. https://doi.org/10.18690/rei.16.2.2440
- Ng, C. (2019). Shifting the focus from motivated learners to motivating distributed environments: A review of 40 years of published motivation research in distance education. Distance Education, 40(4), 469–496. https://doi.org/10.1080/01587919.2019.1681892
- Poth, C. (2013). What assessment knowledge and skills do initial teacher education programs address? A western Canadian perspective. Alberta Journal of Educational Research, 58(4), 634–656. https://doi.org/10.11575/ajer.v58i4.55670
- RAMA—The National Authority for Measurement and Evaluation in Education (2021). Evaluation of distance teaching and learning in the education system during the Corona epidemic. Israeli Ministry of Education. https://rama.edu.gov.il/reports/remote-learning-qualit-2021
- Saavedra J. (2020, March 30). Educational challenges and opportunities of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. World Bank Blogs. https://blogs.worldbank.org/en/education/educational-challenges-and-opportunities-covid-19-pandemic
- Saldana, J. (2021). The coding manual for qualitative researchers (4th ed.). Sage.
- Sari, T., & Nayir, F. (2020). Challenges in distance education during the (Covid-19) pandemic period. Qualitative Research in Education, 9(3), 328–360. https://doi.org/10.17583/qre.2020.5872
- Shin, M., & Hickey, K. (2021). Needs a little TLC: Examining college students’ emergency remote teaching and learning experiences during COVID-19. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 45(7), 973–986. https://doi.org/10.1080/0309877X.2020.1847261
- Thaheem, S. K., Zainol Abidin, M. J., Mirza, Q., & Pathan, H. U. (2022). Online teaching benefits and challenges during pandemic COVID-19: A comparative study of Pakistan and Indonesia. Asian Education and Development Studies, 11(2), 311–323. https://doi.org/10.1108/AEDS-08-2020-0189
- Yang, M., Duha, M. S. U., Kirsch, B. A., Glaser, N., Crompton, H. & Luo, T. (2024). Universal design in online education: A systematic review. Distance Education, 45(1), 23–59. https://doi.org/10.1080/01587919.2024.2303494
- Yang, B., & Huang, C. (2021). Turn crisis into opportunity in response to COVID-19: Experience from a Chinese university and future prospects. Studies in Higher Education, 46(1), 121–132. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2020.1859687
- Yang, M., Lowell, V., Long, Y., & Farmer, T. (2023). Designing for accessibility in online learning: A design case. Journal of Postsecondary Education & Disability, 36(1), 75-87.
- Yilmazel, G. (2023). Challenges faced by newly-hired teachers at Modern Languages Department of Middle East Technical University. International Journal of Research in Teacher Education, 14(1), 73–85. https://doi.org/10.29329/ijrte.2023.523.5
- Yusupova, G. Y., & Mukhhamadieva, F. E. (2021). Methods and models of distance learning. JournalNX—A Multidisciplinary Peer Reviewed Journal, 6(06), 81–87. https://repo.journalnx.com/index.php/nx/article/view/1208
- Zedan, R. (2021a). Student feedback as a predictor of learning motivation, academic achievement and classroom climate. Education & Self Development, 16(2). 27–46. https://doi.org//10.26907/esd.16.2.03
- Zedan, R. (2021b). Parental involvement as a predictor of classroom climate, motivation for learning, and learning achievements. Journal of Classroom Interaction, 56(1), 52–74. https://jciuh.org/
- Zedan, R. (2024). Between involvement and intervention: Perceptions, difficulties and parents coping in the distance learning during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Ethnic and Cultural studies, 11(1), 161–182. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejecs/1585