Documents found
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3211.More information
AbstractThis article traces the achievements and remaining challenges of the project, begun some four decades ago, to integrate women's experience into “mainstream” history. The author uses her own experience as a women's historian as well as an analysis of how women have been included in six recent history survey texts (two Canadian, two U.S., two American West). Considerable progress has been made in including women; however, the categories of analysis used in state-centred histories limit the terms of their inclusion. The progress to date also suggests strategies for expanding women's inclusion, and incorporating gender as a central category of human historical experience.
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3212.More information
This paper analyses former sideshow performer Celesta Geyer's autobiography Diet or Die (1968). Despite her unusual employment in a freak show, Geyer's autobiography fits the standard popular narrative of the disciplining of the fat body in order to achieve an idealized thin body. On the surface, the text reads as an absolute rejection of fat identity — a word that Geyer often associates with freakery. Yet, Geyer's autobiography also shows how she became a subject through enfreakment, and it subtly reveals deep ambivalences regarding weight, sexuality and freakery. Part autobiography, part self-help manual, and part dieting advice manual, the text is a remarkably complex reflection of aspects of American culture and society in the early to mid twentieth century that has deep resonances in today's fat phobic, dieting obsessed culture. Geyer's autobiography also highlights the difficulties of reading and interpreting autobiographies as self-evident presentations of personal history and raises questions of how individuals tell their own stories.
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3213.More information
The present study examines the Portuguese right-wing and Hungarian communist regimes' attitudes towards homosexuality and sexual minorities through an analysis of English-language literary works translated and published in Hungary and Portugal between 1939 and 1974. One of its main objectives is to contribute to the scarce body of research on the history of non-normative sexualities by mapping literary works in English that might have been read by the queer community as possible self-help literature in the two countries. Besides the prevailing publishing practices, the modi operandi of the Hungarian and Portuguese censoring apparatuses are compared to see what kind of translated literature with homosexual content was or was not allowed to be published under the two opposing dictatorial regimes and why. The research draws heavily on the book censorship files stored at the National Archives of the Torre do Tombo in Lisbon along with the findings of the Hungarian project English-Language Literature and Censorship (1945-1989) and the project Intercultural Literature in Portugal 1930-2000: A Critical Bibliography.
Keywords: Salazar's Portugal, Hungarian People's Republic, censorship, publishing practices, homosexual-themed literature, Portugal de Salazar, République populaire de Hongrie, censure, pratiques éditoriales, littérature à contenu homosexuel
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3214.More information
The notions of poverty held by 22 poverty-stricken men who frequent a community centre in Montreal were identified using a tool for popular education. In addition to shedding light on important aspects of poverty, the results show how the views held by these men about their own situation can in fact influence the social representations commonly conveyed regarding their situation. As a qualitative and participatory research project, the study focuses on the viewpoints of people suffering from poverty – an approach that is becoming increasingly attractive in Quebec as well as throughout the world.
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3215.More information
AbstractThe Montreal's Youth Centre intensive probation program for youth offenders was designed as an alternative for youth offender who would have normally been referred to a measure of open custody. In consideration of the scientific literature on the effectiveness of intensive supervision program, youth admitted to this program were high risk offenders (n = 99) who manifested receptivity for such an intervention in the community. The present study addresses the efficacy of the program in term of official recidivism. The results confirm the validity of the evaluation procedures for juvenile delinquents and their referral to the different programs (intensive probation, open custody, regular probation). Coherent with the intensity of the intensive probation program, subjects followed in this modality of treatment were more often the subject of reports identifying failure to comply with dispositions (e.g. breach of probation) of their sentences. At the one-year post-treatment follow-up, the non-recidivism rate of youth placed in intensive probation (76.2%) confirms that this measure can be seen as a valid alternative to open custody (47.4%). A logistic regression equation confirms that the two groups differed in their non-recidivism rate even when the initial characteristics of the youth were controlled for.
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3217.More information
Who is d'Artagnan? The historical figure has long since faded behind Dumas' creation; but in a similar way, the character of The Three Musketeers no longer exists. Re-imagined a thousand times, adapted to every fictional medium, transformed with every reading and every new production, he is now linked to the original work that founded his success only by a few loose characteristics - a name, an ideal, some friends and enemies. While these traits still remain in each incarnation of the character, they no longer depend on Alexandre Dumas' work, but on the context of its rewriting. In this process of change, the series format has had a paradoxical effect: its proximity to the logic of the serial novel brings the serialized d'Artagnan curiously close to his origins, but also makes him all the more elastic. We will focus on this paradox by comparing two relatively recent rewritings of the character: the first in the Soviet series D'Artagnan and the Three Musketeers (1978-1994) which, while attempting to reproduce the novel down to the last line, succeeds in turning it into an ode to life in Eastern Europe before and after the fall of the Communist regime; the second in the series The Musketeers (2014-2016), which, while completely detached from the original novel in terms of plot, manages to translate the chivalric aspect of the Duma-esque musketeers to embody anxieties specific to the 21st century.
Keywords: Dumas, Dumas, character, personnage, transmédialité, transmedia, appropriation, appropriation, d’Artagnan, d’Artagnan
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3218.More information
Research has established six “canonical” factors underlying wrongful convictions including: mistaken witness identification (MWID), false confession (FC), perjury or false accusation (P/FA), false or misleading forensic evidence (F/MFE), official misconduct (OM), and inadequate legal defense (ILD). While we know these factors do not occur in isolation, researchers have yet to examine the patterns across these six factors. In the present article, we apply latent class analysis to explore how these six factors might co-occur across known exonerations. Using data from the National Registry of Exonerations, we identify four latent classes by which the incidence rates across these six factors can be categorized. Among our noteworthy findings: 1) P/FA and OM often co-occur, 2) when MWIDs are high, the incidence of other factors is relatively low, and 3) false guilty pleas had the highest prevalence in a class that was generally associated with Failures to Investigate. Further implications are discussed.
Keywords: Wrongful Convictions, Exonerations, Latent Class Analysis, False Guilty Pleas
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3219.More information
Many authors have documented the increasing diversification and gentrification in central city neighbourhoods. In the last few decades Montreal’s, Hochelaga-Maisonneuve is among those with the highest rates of gentrification, creating new social dynamics and often generating socio-territorial conflicts. What is the significance of social changes for the population of Hochelaga-Maisonneuve? What role does recent immigration play in the mitigation or development of social conflict? In this paper we present the results of the analysis of 1,420 articles taken from the six principal daily newspapers published in Montreal. In our target neighbourhood, it would appear that a higher socio-economic status of newcomers is more disruptive than their ethno-cultural background because it is associated with a change in the way people live, shop and interact in public space. The data also reveal disruptive effects on the availability of affordable housing, a feature that means increasing displacement of lower income populations.
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3220.More information
Research Framework: This article is based on a PhD research in socio-anthropology about the transmission of familial memory among Rwandans living in France. We are interested in the day-to-day kinship of orphans after the genocide of the Tutsi in Rwanda. Objectives: The objective of this article is to provide a better understanding of family reconfigurations in post-genocide Rwanda. We will see how the care of orphans has transformed the boundaries of kinship. Methodology: We conducted an ethnographic study based on a non-linear fieldwork from 2014 to 2019. We carried out semi-directive interviews with Rwandans living in France who were less than 20 years old in 1994, as well as with their family members, in France or in Rwanda. This was complemented with the development of kinship trees and with observations made during commemorations. Results: We document here several hosting situations for orphans after the Tutsi genocide: foster care, children's households and orphanages. The Rwandan government pursued family-based policy that aimed at “reunification” or placement in a family. We present configurations of households of care that may or may not involve relatives, or even protect themselves from them . Conclusions: The genocide provoked a crisis of orphans' care that impacted kinship relations, through acts of solidarity or hostility. Households of care and lines of transmission have seen their boundaries redrawn by affective and material exclusion and inclusion of orphans. Contribution: The article allows us to reinscribe kinship relations and everyday kinship in a given socio-economical and historical context, that of post-genocide Rwanda. It sheds light on the family and societal changes that occur in the aftermath of genocide.
Keywords: Orphelin, parenté, génocide, Rwanda, fratrie, prise en charge, famille, Orphan, kinship, genocide, Rwanda, siblings, care, family, Huérfano, parentesco, genocidio, Ruanda, hermandad, cuidado, familia