Documents found
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3191.
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3192.More information
There is growing recognition in Canada around the role of intergenerational trauma in shaping physical and mental health inequities among Aboriginal youth. We examined recommendations on best practices for addressing intergenerational trauma in interventions for Aboriginal youth. Academic-community partnerships were formed to guide this scoping literature review. Peer-reviewed academic literature and “grey” sources were searched. Of 3,135 citations uncovered from databases, 16 documents met inclusion criteria. The search gathered articles and reports published in English from 2001-2011, documenting interventions for Indigenous youth (ages 12-29 years) in Canada, the United States, New Zealand and Australia. The literature was sorted and mapped, and stakeholder input was sought through consultation with community organizations in the Calgary, Canada area. Recommendations in the literature include the need to: integrate Aboriginal worldviews into interventions; strengthen cultural identity as a healing tool and a tool against stigma; build autonomous and self-determining Aboriginal healing organizations; and, integrate interventions into mainstream health services, with education of mainstream professionals about intergenerational trauma and issues in Aboriginal health and well-being. We identified a paucity of reports on interventions and a need to improve evaluation techniques useful to all stakeholders (including organizations, funders, and program participants). Most interventions targeted individual-level factors (e.g., coping skills), rather than systemic factors (e.g., stressors in the social environment). By addressing upstream drivers of Aboriginal health, interventions that incorporate an understanding of intergenerational trauma are more likely to be effective in fostering resilience, in promoting healing, and in primary prevention. Minimal published research on evidence-based practices exists, though we noted some promising practices.
Keywords: Aboriginal, Indigenous, youth, intergenerational trauma, historical trauma, interventions, best practices, health
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3193.More information
AbstractFollowing McClendon's (1970) framework of biography as theology, this paper proposes the memory of the slavery of Blacks as possible capital of redemption. The argument is based on the life story of Saint Josephine Bakhita, a former African slave, who urged at the end of her life to loosen the heavy chains of slavery. In a hagiographical perspective, three steps structure this claim : the narrative of slavery, its memory, and its retrieval, each time shaped by Bakhita's theology of slavery set as paradigm. Consequently, the idea of possible capital of redemption followed the same patterns : the subversion of the Hegelian discourse by a new narrative Bakhita-based, the historical and epistemological rupture as alternative to the misleading memory of slavery, and the prophetic rebellion by the possibility to say no.
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3194.More information
Objectives This article provides an overview of the approaches and instruments used to assess the risk of other-directed violence, with particular focus on risk formulation. Issues pertaining to the development and implementation of these instruments are briefly reviewed.Method A critical analysis of the literature pertaining to the methods and current issues related to risk assessment of other-directed violence is proposed.Results Violence risk assessment instruments are used to manage offenders struggling with mental health issues. They help inform decisions regarding monitoring, supervision, treatment and sentencing in correctional and forensic mental health settings. There are different approaches to violence risk assessment and numerous instruments offered to professionals working in these settings. Considering the structured professional judgement (SPJ) tools, they have considerably evolved in the last years with regard to the types of violence and the methods used to assess and manage risk. Examples of these innovations include taking into consideration victim safety planning and strategies to facilitate risk communication such as scenario planning based on an explanatory framework informed by risk formulation. Risk formulation is a relatively new step in the administration SPJ tools, and invites users to go beyond documenting the presence and relevance of specific risk factors by allowing them to consider the nature and the etiology of violence in an individualized manner. Risk formulation integrates both relevant risk and protective factors that facilitate the process of scenario planning and the identification of successful risk management strategies.Conclusion Although structured approaches to violence risk assessment of offenders struggling with mental health issues have become more and more frequent in many settings, some methodological and implementation issues still have to be tackled. In spite that these issues warrant further discussion based on new empirical data, their contribution to risk reduction and to the success of social rehabilitation of the individuals at the centre of these assessments is undeniable.
Keywords: risk assessment, structured professional judgement, risk formulation, other-directed violence, mental-health issues, évaluation du risque, jugement professionnel structuré, formulation du risque, violence hétérodirigée, problèmes de santé mentale
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3195.More information
AbstractThe socio-cultural context following the Quiet Revolution has created a favorable moment for the implementation of feminist writing and translation practices, termed « re-belles et infidèles » by Susanne De Lotbinière Harwood. The purpose of this article is to examine the effect of the reinsertion of these transgressive practices in a new context, namely, post-Franco Spain. With this in mind, we will analyze Barroco al alba (1998), the Spanish translation of Nicole Brossard's novel Baroque d'aube (1995), the only one by this author that has been translated in Spain. We will show that « re-belles et infidèles » practices are possible because there already exists a corpus of feminist writing and thus a favorable context for the implementation of these transgressive practices. Nevertheless, the Spanish context of the 90s not being receptive to these feminist practices, Barroco al alba has gone unnoticed in Spain, not only in the subfield of large-scale cultural production (Bourdieu, 1992), but also in the restricted production subfield.
Keywords: traduction féministe, Nicole Brossard, Barroco al alba, réception, Espagne post-franquiste, feminist translation, Nicole Brossard, Barroco al alba, reception, post-Franco Spain
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3196.More information
AbstractNot unlike the inexplicable phantasm, the Gothic novel has appeared to materialize from nowhere. Few critics have been able to explain why Gothic novelists were fixated upon the tropes of persecution, oppression, and the reclaimed birthright or why indeed they sought to resurrect a seemingly regressive, escapist folk-tale-like form despite the success of the "realistic" novels of Fielding, Richardson, and Smollett. Even fewer have been able to explain why Gothic novelists displayed so much awareness of gender issues before the publication of Mary Wollstonecraft's Vindication of the Rights of Woman in 1792. This essay begins by taking a rare glimpse into British reformist discourses of the late eighteenth century, focusing on contemporary allegations of incipient despotism and the widened appeal for universal (male) enfranchisement while also examining the new populist discursive strategies deployed by reformist writers. It demonstrates how the central themes and discursive strategies of Gothic novels from 1770 through 1800 conform to those found in contemporary reformist writing despite their lack of overt references to politics. On a larger scale, this essay shows how political discourse affects the shaping of literary genre and, conversely, how genre affects the shaping of political discourse in the rise of the so-called public sphere.
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3197.More information
In November 2017, the British Columbia Court of Appeal (BCCA) published its decision in the case Araya v. Nevsun Resources, dismissing the appeal filed by Nevsun, and allowing the lawsuit to move forward to the merits stage of the procedure. This decision was ground-breaking since the plaintiffs were suing Nevsun Resources, a Canadian mining company, for its alleged complicity in the use of forced labor, slavery, torture, inhuman or degrading treatment, and crimes against humanity at the Bisha Mine in Eritrea, a mine belonging to Nevsun. In its decision, the BCCA rejected the three main arguments put forward by Nevsun to get the case dismissed: (1) the forum non conveniens doctrine; (2) the Act of State doctrine and (3) the lack of private law cause of action against corporations for the violations of customary international law principles. In this context, this article offers an analysis of the most significant cases brought before Canadian Courts in regard to Canadian mining companies' corporate social responsibility. It also relies on two influential cases from the U.S. Supreme Court: Kiobel v. Royal Dutch Petroleum and Jesner v. Arab Bank. Finally, it looks at the common challenges faced by foreign victims when they seek to bring lawsuits against transnational corporations and it briefly suggests that common law courts should adopt a new duty of care to address businesses' corporate liability for violations of human rights.
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3198.More information
This article tests the hypothesis that language law decisions of the Supreme Court of Canada, which have been less generous to linguistic minorities since the early 2000s, are related to the coming to power of Stephen Harper's Conservative government, which was generally more resistant to a liberal application of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Through an analysis of three variables, namely the Harper government's support for official languages, the predictive power of the dominant political party on the ideology of judges in Canada, and the Harper government's numerous setbacks at the Supreme Court in other Charter litigation, the paper will argue that one cannot infer such an influence of the Harper government on the Supreme Court of Canada's decisions in the area of language law.
Keywords: Cour suprême du Canada, minorités, francophonie canadienne, Stephen Harper, droits linguistiques, langues officielles, Charte canadienne des droits et libertés, Supreme Court of Canada, minorities, Canadian Francophonie, Stephen Harper, language rights, official languages, Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
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3199.More information
AbstractThis paper is concerned with the spectacular rise of mass tourism in the small town of Lijiang on the Sino-Tibetan frontier. The author is an anthropologist with 18 years experience in the region, and presents the essay as an ethnographic reflection on the economic and cultural dimensions of the tourism encounter between local Naxi natives and Han and non-Chinese “others”. Despite massive infusions of tourist wealth, some locals are little better off than they were 20 years ago, and for others tourism has led to an intensification of social and ethnic cleavages. Of particular interest are the changing images of “Naxiness” produced in the encounter for tourist consumption, and the ways in which the images become important in the refiguring of Naxi identities.
Keywords: McKhann, tourisme, ethnicité, Chine, Naxi, McKhann, tourism, ethnicity, China, Naxi
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3200.More information
AbstractWorkers in revolutionary Paris did not show the class consciousness nor, with certain exceptions, the organizational skills of the workers' movement after 1830. Nevertheless, an analysis of eighty-five recorded labour disputes proves labour protest to have been a significant form of protest in the capital between 1789 and 1799. Sans-culotte unity has been exaggerated, and wage-earners articulated demands (principally for higher wages) that set them apart from the master-craftsmen and shopkeepers who directed the sans-culotte movement. The response of the authorities to labour unrest was often hesitant and contradictory, and the repressive Le Chapelier law of 1791 was in fact rarely invoked.