Documents found
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2901.More information
In southern countries, urban agriculture is often criticized because of its polluting practices due, to a large part, to the non-standard use of pesticides on market garden sites. The relationships between the actors involved in the design and implementation of public policies constitute one of the causality registers of these practices. This article aims to list and describe the actors structuring the uses of pesticides in urban agriculture in Benin, as well as their interactions. The methodological device is an ethnographic type based on the review of texts relating to pesticides, in-depth interviews, and direct observations on market garden sites in Benin's three main urban areas: Cotonou, Porto-Novo and Parakou. In total, 55 actors from different profiles were surveyed. Several categories of people are involved in market gardening sites. Faced with logics involved (both divergent and contradictory), the "social life" of the pesticide escapes the control of public institutions. The knowledge of producers and sellers prevails over official recommendations. Likewise, the institutional vacuum created by public sector agents is filled by some specific actors, the "distributor-framers". In addition, intergenerational conflicts between producers, aroused by political intrigue, are recurrent in access to available material and financial resources. Such situations weaken the sector of the market garden and interfere negatively in the implementation of public policies relating to pesticides.
Keywords: maraichage, pesticide, acteur, logiques, conflits, ville, Bénin, market gardening, pesticide, actor, logics, conflicts, city, Benin
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2902.More information
When HIV transmission from mother to child occurs, one of the major concerns is revealing the diagnosis to the infected children, something that could be experienced as a biographical turning point. The objective is to explore the effect of the disclosure of the diagnosis as experienced by adolescents who have been living with HIV since their birth. Twenty-nine HIV-positive young (aged from 10 to 18) agreed to a semi-structured individual interview focussed on the revelation of their serologic status. The data thus gathered was submitted to a content analysis (Paillé and Mucchielli, 2005; Sabourin, 2008). The disclosure of the serologic status runs through three stages: 1) that of a hidden reality, where the adolescents are unaware of their serologic status; 2) that of a reality which is finally disclosed when, at about the age of 11, they learn that they have an HIV infection; and 3) that of a reality they need to progressively integrate, where its disclosure becomes a participating factor in the construction of their personal and social identities. The disclosure becomes an extension of their biographical continuity by legitimizing their ARV treatments, at a time when they appear to be contemplating gradual changes with respect to their private lives and personal sexuality.
Keywords: VIH, transmission verticale, adolescent, dévoilement, biographie, HIV, vertical transmission, adolescent, disclosure, biography
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2903.More information
The need to establish real collaboration between teachers and remedial teachers is highlighted by several studies and ministerial documents. Despite the potential benefits of this collaboration, several obstacles hinder the implementation of these collaborative practices. This multi-case study, carried out as part of doctoral studies, aims to document the collaboration between teachers and remedial teachers in the context of the implementation of the RtI model in elementary school. To do this, three dyads, each composed of a teacher and a remedial teacher, were studied in depth based on interviews, direct observation, documentary analysis and a logbook. The results highlight favorable conditions for the establishment of a real collaboration between teachers and remedial teachers, as well as the presence of a parity imbalance within certain dyads. These results reiterate the importance of further research on collaboration between teachers and remedial teachers to further guide practitioners, managers and university trainers.
Keywords: modèle de réponse à l’intervention (RàI), Response to intervention model (RtI), orthopédagogue, general educator, special educator, enseignant, special education teacher, collaboration, coenseignement, collaboration, difficultés d’apprentissage, co-teaching, learning disabilities
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2904.More information
This work uses an original dataset for 255 cotton farmers in the marginal cotton production areas of Côte d'Ivoire and focuses on the liberalization of agricultural extension services. We estimate the effect of private vs public agricultural extension service on the cotton production of farmers. We highlight the consequences of the intrusion of private extension services in this area devoted to the state agency. We use both ordinary least squares (OLS) and matching procedures. The results suggest that privatization favors production in this area.
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2905.More information
Instability in placement trajectories is generally analyzed using the number of placement disruptions during a limited period of time. To these days, few studies have tried to understand placement instability as a larger phenomenon with multiples characteristics (Usher, Randolph et Gogan, 1999; Wulczyn, Kogan et Harden, 2003). This is precisely the aim of this article : to study placement trajectories as a whole, with their multiple characteristics. Knowing that adolescent girls are at greater risk of instability, the focus will be on this specific population. Based on a sample of 315 adolescents girls placed in Youth and Family Centers, a person-centered approach led to the identification of three placement trajectories using latent class analysis : a stable pattern, a relational instable pattern, and a physical instable pattern. If a large majority of adolescent girls (80,65%) were categorized in the relatively stable pattern, one fifth were categorized into the instable pattern, either in a relational way (13%) or in a physical way (6,37%). This study contributes to the existing literature by conceptualizing instability as not limited to the number of placement disruptions, but rather as a multiform phenomenon linked to multiple placement characteristics. This particular conceptualization of instability guides the discussion on clinical implications, especially relative to the life project.
Keywords: Parcours de placements, instabilité, classes latentes, adolescence, réadaptation, Placement pattern, instability, latent class analysis, adolescence, readaptation
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2906.More information
Successful large firms tend to favor incremental innovation at the expense of more radical innovations. Organizational ambidexterity offers organizational designs that are compatible with management of these contradictory forces. However, this literature postulates a balance of these forces without specifying their nature, nor the intensity of their influence. The study of four internal start-ups in charge of the development of innovation breakthrough, within a company dominated by incremental innovations, highlights how some forces are more likely than others to support this type of innovation. This research proposes an in-depth analysis of the balancing mechanisms in highly constrained contexts.
Keywords: innovation rapide, start-ups internes, ambidextrie organisationnelle, paradoxes, fast innovation, internal start-ups, organizational ambidexterity, paradoxes, innovación radical, organización interna, organización ambidiestra, paradojas
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2908.More information
SummaryThis study examines physical activity practices of older women in disadvantaged neighbourhoods of Montreal. The analysis relies on Michael Bury's (1982, 1991) concept of ‘biographical disruption' to understand to what extent the rise of consciousness of the finitude of the body, as a ‘rupturing event', has consequences for the adoption of physical activity practices. The analysis reveals that the period of old age engenders a biographical disruption, perceptible through women's heightened concern for preventive health practices. These results challenge stereotypes that hinder health promotion efforts towards older women.
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2909.More information
The issue of executive leadership has recently been attracting the attention of researchers and professionals alike (Alvesson et al., 2017; Leroux et al., 2019; Wainsztok, 2017). The purpose of this article is to help understand female managers’ relational dynamics and management practices. This research relies on a theory of human work to grasp the relational dynamics and social relationships experienced at work. The methodology relies on a qualitative research design based on 51 individual interviews with female managers. The results reveal four main categories of management practices: 1) close relationships with teams and sharing of real work; 2) fusional relationships marked by zealous solicitude and devalued care; 3) distancing from teams and real work, 4) relationships of control and supervision, and dictatorship/tyranny. This article’s contribution consists in showing the diversity of management practices used by female managers beyond the persisting debates on whether female management practices are different or similar to those of men.
Keywords: Leadership, cadres, genre, travail, subjectivité
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2910.More information
The COVID-19 pandemic has enabled organisations to accelerate towards digital transformation, but it also posed some challenges. As part of their project management, several organizations have resorted to teleworking to maintain their activities, thereby reshaping their current practices to better adapt to a virtual environment. These transformations deserve to be studied. This article aims to understand the challenges experienced by individuals and project teams during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on a qualitative study, we arrive at four categories of challenges: physical environment, virtual environment, social environment, and organizational and individual practices. Thus, we highlight that the interdependence of challenges in turn highlights the systemic interactions of transformations in the work environment. It is essential to consider these challenges and their relationships to understand organizational transformations.
Keywords: COVID-19, gestion de projet, transformation de pratiques, télétravail, bien-être au travail, productivité