Documents found
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132.More information
The Arctic do not elude the extension of the Internet network, supported by fibre optic submarine cables. Several submarine cable projects are in progress, or are already completed in the region. This new route promises a shorter distance, not for the containers this time, but for the transport of data between North America, Europe and Asia. China, which invests in a global Internet infrastructure, The Digital Silk Road, is very interested by this new route and could gain a foothold via the cable project Arctic Connect. In the context of a commercial and technological war between China and the United States, questions arise about the real intentions of China when it comes to this 100 % Chinese Internet network project. The financing and the construction by China of this type of infrastructure, vital for the global economy, might be a means to extend its regional and global influence.
Keywords: Internet, câbles sous-marins, Arctique, Chine, route de la soie numérique, Internet, submarine cables, Arctic, China, Digital silk road, Huawei
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133.More information
Professor Benoît Heilbrunn draws on abundant resources and references from social and human sciences to conduct original research on marketing at ESCP Business School. This approach leads him to question spirituality, sacredness, and belief in the consumer society. Author of numerous books and articles, Heilbrunn regularly discussed the convergence between religion and brands by looking at how their economy resolves around the mystery of the Trinity through the three complementary sides of an absent god: a “sensorial” side, linked to the material products of the consumer good and to its tangible aspects, directly prehensile by consumers; a “rhetoric” side, which refers to the ideological dimension of the brand, to its place and its capacity to convey values and imagination; a “pragmatic” side, which points towards engaging corporal practices and which orchestrate, among others, the rituals of buying and consumption.
Keywords: marque, religion, sémiotique, Benoît Heilbrunn, consommateur, produit, brands, religion, semiotics, Benoît Heilbrunn, consumer, product
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135.More information
Since 2013 and Edward Snowden's revelations, the problem of cyber (or digital) sovereignty has become a fundamental concern in Russia. The Russian authorities have adopted new policies in order to ensure the security of digital infrastructures around the country. Within this frame, new promotion policies for the development of Russian software have been launched by State actors and private corporations, which primarily beneficiate from them. A strategy of russification of the software programs used in Russia seems to have emerged in the form of new norms and regulations to regulate the design, functioning and usage of informatic tools. This new central -and strategic- position of the digital industry in Russia, which is designed to safeguard the interests of the Russian corporations and the State, both inside and outside the country, allows us to wonder if the country can now be regarded as an international digital power: did Russia become a cyber power ?
Keywords: Russie, numérique, puissance, stratégie, cyber, Russia, digital, power, strategy, cyber
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136.More information
In this paper, we will explore the phenomenon of attention capture and its commodification, using virtual personal assistants as an example. The latter will be presented as the concrete personification of the abstract mechanisms of capitalist domination. They will then appear as an example of a perverse practice of “taking care,” that of a diversion of care for predatory purposes. To support this statement, we will use the notions of “dirty care” and “phenomenology of the prey” developed by Elsa Dorlin in Se défendre, une philosophie de la violence, as well as the analysis of digital capitalism as predatory capitalism deployed in Techno-féodalisme, critique de l'économie numérique by Cédric Durand. To fully understand the context in which these virtual personal assistants are deployed, we will mobilize the concept of “algorithmic mediation” in the era of big data upstream by identifying four of its methods of intervention in reality; modalities that are fully in line with the logic of surveillance capitalism. At the end of our analysis, we will state that this surveillance capitalism—as it presents itself through virtual personal assistants—has all the appearances of a “predatory” digital capitalism whose capture (or even appropriation) of attention is facilitated by the protective and attentive face through which it manifests itself.
Keywords: médiation algorithmique, assistante personnelle virtuelle, care, dirty care, prédation, capitalisme de surveillance, algorithmic mediation, virtual personal assistant, care, dirty care, predation, surveillance capitalism
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137.More information
Following Pierre Moeglin's work (2006, 2016) on the industrialization of education, this paper is set in the context of the growing diffusion of a conception of digital education promoted by the French educational technology (EdTech) sector. We present the socio-economic context in which EdTech companies operate, and then introduce elements of reflection on the concept of “educational platform” in relation to existing works. The methodology, inspired by French social semiotics (Saemmer et al., 2022), mobilizes critical concepts from the semiotics of screen writing, coupled with research training with teachers, to whom we proposed to question the design choices of educational artifacts during a training course. Using the Lalilo platform as an object of study, we show how an introduction to social semiotics can lead teachers to reflect not only on the values, norms, and representations of the world modeled in the design of educational platforms, but also on their own representations of digital education.
Keywords: educational platforms, plateformes éducatives, industrialisation de l’éducation, Lalilo, Lalilo, teacher training, socio-semiotics, formation des enseignants, industrialization of education, sémiotique sociale, critical approach, approche critique, digital culture, culture numérique, écrits d’écran
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139.More information
The language policy of India, a multilingual state par excellence, is intended to be inclusive, right down to the most minority languages, with a multidirectional application of administrative translation protected by law. In reality, this policy is hierarchical. It gives pride of place to Hindi among regional languages, and is not applied to many minorities. This is reflected in the public/private initiatives that have been developing digital localization technologies for vernacular languages at a rapid pace since 2020. The combination of translation is most often from English to other languages in a recurring order (Hindi, then the first seven regional languages, then the other listed languages), indicating the pre-eminence of English and the symbolic place of other languages in this hierarchy. This emphasis on mastery of the languages “at the top” of the pyramid does not encourage the development of translation into minority languages, or even between “listed languages” other than Hindi. What’s more, the current translation policy does not precisely define the criteria for its implementation. Moreover, for almost 10 years now, India has been banking on the development of its economy through digital technology. Non-English-speaking Internet users represent a gigantic market for the private sector, as well as a pool of skills, provided they can access the knowledge hitherto dispensed in English. This development towards Indian languages also reflects the nationalist ideology advocated by the current government. The example of the dissemination of information during the COVID-19 pandemic shows, however, that the languages of the most vulnerable minorities were not taken into account. And yet, new information technologies, particularly AI, can become allies in preserving and translating minority languages.
Keywords: politique linguistique, language policy, South Asia, Asie du Sud, numérique, digitization, traduction, translation, low-resource language, langues peu dotées
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140.More information
In a context where the integration of AI into organizations’ processes, products and services is becoming crucial, we carried out a study focused on the development of AI project management skillsand noted the growing importance of soft skills. As these skills are traditionally acquired in a collective work environment, our aim was to capture the collaborative versus individual dimensions in the development of these skills from the point of view of AI project managers. Our text deals with the process of developing a skills repository, co-constructed with experts in the field, as well as the analyses that emerged from this process in terms of the skills required and how these skills are acquired for the development of professional identity. This repository aims to guide training institutions’’ AI management training strategiesso that they can design training adapted to the reality of the workplace, including collaborative learning needs.
Keywords: desarrollo de competencias, développement de compétences, competency development, identidad profesional, identité professionnelle, professional identity, intelligence artificielle, artificial intelligence, inteligencia artificial, training, formación, formation, professional development, desarrollo profesional, développement professionnel