Documents found
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41.More information
Carmen Roy's fieldwork practices from the late sixties in Saskatchewan remain misunderstood. Nevertheless, they are an important part of French Canadian ethnology's history, as they demonstrate, in concrete terms, the boundaries of a discipline whose foundations hearken back to the ideology of French survival in North America and the « true tradition » school. Carmen Roy's experience is especially interesting given the fact that it reveals a failed fieldwork study that the folklorist was unable to explain. This article proposes to discuss this hidden failure while situating it within the development of French Canadian ethnology.
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42.More information
AbstractThis article concerns a multidisciplinary research project begun over a year ago on the putting-into-words of the working-class habitat in Rennes (France). In an area reputed to be gallo-speaking (a form of Breton), certain streets in this city have bilingual signs (French-Celtic Breton). Discourse on the city as a whole is correlated to sociolinguistic discourse (that deals with sociolinguistic stratification and linguistic mobility) and interrogated from three aspects: 1. multi or bilingual signage and discrimination of spaces; 2. the use of languages on signage (in street names) and traces of sociolinguistic memory; 3. linguistic planning of urban spaces (imposition, reproduction, validation or denial of a sociolinguistic memory) and glottopolitical interventionism.
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43.More information
AbstractThe Breton language has become an urban languague. Its future development is linked to the cities of Brittany. Two models have been put forward concerning its development: the first by the Committee for Breton Identity in Upper Brittany and the second is the urban policy model developed by the city of Lorient in Lower Brittany. The latter model aims to develop bilingualism in road signposting and signage on buildings. While the first model proposes mainly a symbolic signage, the second model has a systematic character. Basing myself on the first model, I have observed that the second model, which is the object of study, also derives from the will to develop the Breton culture by way of urban signage. The naming of places is part of this process and becomes for the political actors a means to develop culture and identity. The correlation of the public demand in the Pays de Lorient for this type of signage, measured through a widespread questionnaire and semi-directive interviews, with the actual application of the policy reveals the identity and the economic issues. It also enables me to observe the political thinking and the field practices to draw a picture of the Breton situation.
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44.More information
The article sets out to provide an overview of the contemporary issues that cross social work. Having been interested for several years in the evolution of social work, especially in an international French-speaking context, the author illustrates her point from the diverse fields of investigation that she has been able to conduct. It is therefore a question of bringing to light how the transformations take place with regard to different scenes characterized by their own logics. The crossing of three social worlds in social work will be explored: training, professional practice environments, the managerial world of organizations.
Keywords: Travail social, formation, intervention sociale, gestion, Social work, training, social intervention, management
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45.More information
This article contributes to the analysis of the processes of student training mobility and anchorage in Brittany's university cities. Using a quantitative methodology, we have re-examined, on the one hand, the hypothesis that students have become more and more mobile, and we have also looked at their anchorage in the university city (both their residential and urban practices per se). Our reference population is that of IUT (technological university institute) students, at bachelor degree level (Ist, 2nd, and 3rd year) and Breton university MA students (1st and 2nd year).
Keywords: Étudiant, mobilité, pratique spatiale, décohabitation, enseignement supérieur en Bretagne, Student, mobility, spatial practice, living apart, Higher Education in Brittany
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46.More information
This contribution is about the dual-process of tourism development and heritage making of the historic city centers, and to the co-presence of individuals living there (in a permanent or temporary way), namely permanent inhabitants and tourists. These dual entries, by tourism and heritage, lead us to wonder quite particularly about the relations between space and time. If the spatial dimension of social relations that we comprehend stay constant, ie the center of an “heritagized” and “touristified” city, these are three temporal dimensions that will be examined as so many angles of analysis. We will tackle the time of the everyday life (and off-everyday life), the time of the seasons and the time of the “patrimonial memories”. Our subject is partly established on a field work led in the small French cities of Sarlat (Dordogne) and Dinan (Côtes-d'Armor).
Keywords: Patrimonialisation, mise en tourisme, espace-temps, temporalité, coprésence, Heritage-Making, Tourism Development, Space-Time, Temporality, Co-Presence
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47.More information
AbstractIn the capitalist society of the second modernity, the notion of boundary is undermined by the process of globalisation. Yet this process has created its own antidote : alterglobalization (the « other » globalization). Amongst the different social strata partaking in this movement, the contemporary peasantry plays a crucial role. Yet, through their position as producers and transformers of nature, peasants necessarily belong to a country, to a region, to a place; they are anchored in a given territory. Thus, the contemporary peasantry, due to its essential position within the society/nature « metabolism », is an important counter-power to the present globalization. This paper analyses how some European peasants contribute to the invention of a new culture, via their participation in the alter-globalization movement, a culture based on initiatives linking the particular and the universal. In so doing, it re-examines the notion of boundary from an anthropological perspective.
Keywords: Deléage, paysan contemporain, altermondialisation, frontière, agriculture durable, Deléage, contemporary peasant, alterglobalization, boundary, sustainable agriculture, Deléage, campesinado contemporáneo, altermundialización, frontera, agricultura sostenible
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48.More information
The practice of metal detection has developed considerably over the past forty years. Taking into account the risk that it posed to the archaeological heritage, public authorities, following international recommendations, have put implemented legislation to try to reduce its impact. Some nations such as England and Wales, and recently Belgium, nevertheless consider users of metal detectors more as research assistants than as a real risk to the archaeological heritage and encourage them to report their findings to the competent authorities. In addition, discoverers of exceptional objects can be rewarded financially. In France, where legislation requires administrative authorization to use a metal detector, declaratory systems are models for the detector user community who have dreamed of “active collaboration” between themselves and archaeologists. Some scientists, arguing that illegal detection is a reality that cannot be combated, nevertheless choose to record and study the discoveries of clandestine users of metal detectors, seeing in this the possibility of “saving what can be saved”. However, various examples from current events and the media show that, far from its original purpose, this practice provides a scientific validation for the detection of metals and a market value for the objects discovered, thus creating a demand for the looting of heritage sites.
Keywords: Archéologie, Détection, Législation, Pillage, France, Angleterre, Flandres, archaeology, detection, legislation, looting, France, England, Flanders
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49.More information
This article focuses on the issue of space sharing between different types of inhabitants present simultaneously in cities subject to heritage-making and tourism development. While it is mostly relations between hosts (inhabitants) and guests (tourists) considered as two opposing groups that are discussed, we wish here to apprehend space sharing in a tourist city based on a double capitalistic input. Following a research carried out in the small town of Sarlat (Dordogne, France) and drawing upon semi-structured interviews, two types of capitals appeared crucial for understanding the acceptability of space sharing. The relationships that these inhabitants (temporary or permanent) maintain with others as well as places, if they are intimately linked to their current space-time (within and outside their everyday context), cannot be understood only based on these. The social and cultural capital—in a “Bourdieusian” perspective—and the « indigenousness capital », through the question of attachment to places, allow us to go beyond the binary categorization hosts-guests.
Keywords: coprésence, partage de l'espace, petite ville, tourisme, patrimoine, Sarlat, copresence, space sharing, small city, tourism, heritage, Sarlat
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50.More information
The article present the results of two research projects on the factors playing a role in the process by which agglomerations attempt or not to integrated energy in their policies at the territorial level. We draw mostly from our empirical data, from both a survey and semi directive interviews. We analyzed the importance of different factors in that process so as to identify that play a role from those that do not. After a presentation of the general context in the first section, we present the study and the results from the questionnaire. The third section then presents our findings from our semi directive interviews, offering a comparison with foreign cases in Great Britain, Germany, and Austria.
Keywords: énergie, échelle territoriale, facteurs d'appropriation, energy, territorial scale, factors of appropriation