Documents found
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32.More information
The ocean provides an important source of potential renewable energy resources and France has marine territory that is particularly conductive to the development of offshore wind energy and tidal energy. However, in coastal areas, a lot of human conflicts arise from numerous uses that may be antagonistic: in addition to "traditional" activities (tourism, commercial fishing, etc.) have been superimposed the intensification of certain practices (extraction of marine aggregates) or new activities (marine renewable energies, offshore aquaculture, etc.) This article stresses on relationships between uses conflicts and acceptability strategies which are developed by project leaders concerning marine renewable energies. In particular, the social acceptability of these energies involves questions about consultation meetings or compensation for stakeholders who perceive some of their interests to be modified.
Keywords: énergies, marines, renouvelables, EMR, stratégies, acceptabilité, conflits, usages, mesures compensatoires, côte atlantique française, marine, renewable, energy, MRE, acceptability strategies, uses conflicts, compensatory measures, French Atlantic coast
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33.More information
Keywords: Bretagne, culture traditionnelle, tourisme, fest-noz, identité
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34.More information
During the war, the accumulation of tensions, anguish and collective traumas form a "breeding ground" most conducive to the birth and proliferation of false news, rumors and legends. The first of them, spy mania, explodes in the first hours of the conflict. The home front becomes the scene of a veritable jingoistic outburst, leading many civilians to relentlessly hunt down this "enemy from within" demonized by propaganda focusing on German barbarism. In Brittany, this psychosis was cleverly prepared by pre-war publications denouncing the presence on the coast of a "vanguard of the German army". In this context, rumors and fantastic gossip abound and create suspicion towards anything that seems strange. These elements of false news, sometimes relayed by newspapers, are mainly spread orally, through wounded soldiers on leave or even refugees. They generally pass through the main communication crossroads, especially train stations. Thus, fed with rumors and legends, the population of the home front is actively involved in the hunt for spies, often degenerating into vengeful and irrational popular violence all the more embarrassing for the authorities that, as in this case, these spies are simply imaginary.
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35.More information
Given the importance of VSEs/SMEs in the French economy, one of the challenges of public policies is to promote their growth and this requires, among other things, easy access to financing. Today, their main mode of financing remains the bank loan. However, banks do not always provide the requested funding. Based on this observation, we became interested in crowdfunding as a source of complementary funding. We identify about one hundred French platforms for financing business projects. Seven of them are located in the Breton territory and can largely finance the projects of companies present on this territory. This brings us to a questioning on what links a regional territory to a crowdfunding platform taking Breton as an example. To answer this questioning, our research was conducted in two stages, firstly by a phase to characterize the crowdfunding on our territory of study then by a comprehensive phase. The first phase consisted of drawing up a panorama of crowdfunding in Brittany. The comprehensive phase led us to classify the platforms into four categories, linking territory and platforms, and brought out the concept of “phygitalization,” which combines digital and physical presence.
Keywords: Crowdfunding, Plateforme, TPE/PME, Territoire, Phygitalisation, Crowdfunding, Platform, VSE/SME, Territory, Phygitalization, Crowdfunding, Plataforma, Microempresas, Pequeñas y medianas empresas, Territorio, Fitalización
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37.More information
This study reports results of BDOC measurements from two experimental sites. BDOC was measured by JORET and LEVI'S method, in which a sample is incubated at 20 °C with colonised sand. Dissolved Organic Carbon is evaluated every day, and BDOC calculated as Initial DOC minus the minimal DOC observed during incubation. Reliability of this method was verified by measuring BDOC of standard acetate solutions. We obtained coefficients warrying between 2 and 5 % for BDOC about 1,0 mg l-1.The first part of the study concerns KERNE UHEL treatment plant and its distribution network. BDOC was measured on sand filtered water, ozonated water, GAC filtered water, treated water and on five reservoirs along the network. Results from the treatment plant show that ozonation generates BDOC (increase of 0.3 to 0.6 mg l-1) GAC filtration allows very low levels of BDOC to be obtained when filtration start up (< 0.1 mg l-1) On GAC pilot plant, BDOC removed was between 50 % and 80 % after one year. In distribution, BDOC concentration 'decreased tram 0,6 - 0,7 mg l-1 to 0,2 - 0,4 mgl-1, during an estimated residence lime of 190 h. When the entire GAC filters were commissioned on the treatment plant, treated water BDOC was equal to 0.14 mg l-1; and between 0.14 and 0.27 mg l-1 in the network. This shows that BDOC reduction in the treatment plant reduces its evolution in the distribution system.The second part of the study was conducted on the distribution network of VIENNE BRIANCE, which is supplied with water from the river VIENNE. This water is treated by coagulation, settlement and sand filtration. This network is very extensive and provides water to more than 20 rural villages. Ten points were selected on the network, and were monitored for BDOC, chemical and bacteriological parameters from June to August 1991. Results of physico chemical analyses showed variation of temperature (-3 °C to + 3 °C in the network compared to the treated water at the station); pH (slight variations < 0,5 pH units) and turbidity (increase in the network with peak values as high as 3,5 NTU). Treatment plant's BDOC values were between 0.2 - 0.4 mg l-1. In the network, a great variation is observed : < 0.1 to 0.6 mg l-1. This shows that microbiological activity in the system causes BDOC consumption, but also BDOC is released kilo the water. Heterotrophic bacteria coutils increases during distribution and filamentous fungi have also been isolated in this network.The results of this study pointed out the difficulty to interprete BROC evolution in the network, especially when the hydraulic of the system is not well understood.
Keywords: Eau potable, matière organique biodégradable, réseaux de distribution, Drinking water, biodegradable Organic Matter, Distribution Network
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38.More information
Presented in the media as high-tech DIY communities, fab labs and makerspaces are often seen through the prism of innovation. This article aims to show that this rather techno-economic view has limitations. They can also be examined from another angle, which is more concerned with their socio-political potential. These open spaces, which provide access to production capacities using sophisticated and often digital equipment, appear to embody schools of thought looking for ways of liberation through technological developments. Fab labs and makerspaces therefore merit to be examined, particularly in how they can redistribute capabilities, challenge the industrial order, and foster the development of this new form of workshop.